This double bar chart sample shows the nitrate concentration in milligrams per liter in Community Water Systems (CWS), mean and maximum by year, in New Mexico in 1999-2015. It was drawn using data from the New Mexico's Indicator-Based Information System (NM-IBIS) website. [ibis.health.state.nm.us/ indicator/ complete_ profile/ CommWaterNitrates.html]
"Nitrate toxicity is a preventable cause of methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome), especially in infants. Infants younger than 4 months of age are at greatest risk of toxicity from nitrate-contaminated drinking water.
These infants are more susceptible to developing methemoglobinemia because the pH of their gut is normally higher (less acidic) than in older children and adults. The higher pH enhances the conversion of ingested nitrate to the more toxic nitrite. The bacterial flora of a young infant's gut is also different from that found in older children and adults and might be more likely to convert ingested nitrate to nitrite. Gastroenteritis can increase body transformation of nitrate to nitrite and absorption into the bloodstream of nitrite from the large intestine.
A large proportion of hemoglobin in young infants is in the form of fetal hemoglobin. Fetal hemoglobin is more readily oxidized to methemoglobin (MHg) by nitrites than is adult hemoglobin. In addition, in infants, the enzyme (NADH-dependent methemoglobin reductase) responsible for reduction of formed MHg back to normal hemoglobin has only about half the activity it has in adults.
Symptoms such as shortness of breath and bluish skin coloring around the mouth, hands, or feet, can occur in infants rapidly over a period of days. If the condition is severe, it could lead to convulsions, coma, and even death, if untreated. Most older children and adults can take in larger amounts of nitrate without experiencing the same health effects as infants. However, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and people with low stomach acid conditions or those deficient in an enzyme that changes MHg back to normal hemoglobin are more susceptible to nitrate-induced methemoglobinemia and could be affected by water with nitrate levels above 10 mg/ L.
Adverse reproductive outcomes such as spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth retardation, and various birth defects such as anencephaly have been reported in scientific literature from exposure to high nitrate levels in drinking water; however, the evidence is inconsistent.
Little is known about possible health effects from high nitrate level exposure over a long period of time. However, some studies suggest that there might be a risk of stomach, esophageal or bladder cancers in people with prolonged ingestion of high levels of nitrate. This might be due to the formation of nitrosoamines in the body following ingestion exposure to high levels of nitrate.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified ingested nitrate or nitrite as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) under conditions that result in formation of nitroso-compounds (e.g., nitrosoamines) in the body (endogenous nitrosation)." [ibis.health.state.nm.us/ indicator/ view/ CommWaterNitrates.MeanMax.Year.html]
The column chart example "Nitrate concentration in Community Water Systems (CWS)" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Bar Graphs solution from the Graphs and Charts area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Nitrate toxicity is a preventable cause of methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome), especially in infants. Infants younger than 4 months of age are at greatest risk of toxicity from nitrate-contaminated drinking water.
These infants are more susceptible to developing methemoglobinemia because the pH of their gut is normally higher (less acidic) than in older children and adults. The higher pH enhances the conversion of ingested nitrate to the more toxic nitrite. The bacterial flora of a young infant's gut is also different from that found in older children and adults and might be more likely to convert ingested nitrate to nitrite. Gastroenteritis can increase body transformation of nitrate to nitrite and absorption into the bloodstream of nitrite from the large intestine.
A large proportion of hemoglobin in young infants is in the form of fetal hemoglobin. Fetal hemoglobin is more readily oxidized to methemoglobin (MHg) by nitrites than is adult hemoglobin. In addition, in infants, the enzyme (NADH-dependent methemoglobin reductase) responsible for reduction of formed MHg back to normal hemoglobin has only about half the activity it has in adults.
Symptoms such as shortness of breath and bluish skin coloring around the mouth, hands, or feet, can occur in infants rapidly over a period of days. If the condition is severe, it could lead to convulsions, coma, and even death, if untreated. Most older children and adults can take in larger amounts of nitrate without experiencing the same health effects as infants. However, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and people with low stomach acid conditions or those deficient in an enzyme that changes MHg back to normal hemoglobin are more susceptible to nitrate-induced methemoglobinemia and could be affected by water with nitrate levels above 10 mg/ L.
Adverse reproductive outcomes such as spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth retardation, and various birth defects such as anencephaly have been reported in scientific literature from exposure to high nitrate levels in drinking water; however, the evidence is inconsistent.
Little is known about possible health effects from high nitrate level exposure over a long period of time. However, some studies suggest that there might be a risk of stomach, esophageal or bladder cancers in people with prolonged ingestion of high levels of nitrate. This might be due to the formation of nitrosoamines in the body following ingestion exposure to high levels of nitrate.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified ingested nitrate or nitrite as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) under conditions that result in formation of nitroso-compounds (e.g., nitrosoamines) in the body (endogenous nitrosation)." [ibis.health.state.nm.us/ indicator/ view/ CommWaterNitrates.MeanMax.Year.html]
The column chart example "Nitrate concentration in Community Water Systems (CWS)" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Bar Graphs solution from the Graphs and Charts area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Bar Graphs
The Bar Graphs solution enhances ConceptDraw PRO v10 functionality with templates, numerous professional-looking samples, and a library of vector stencils for drawing different types of Bar Graphs, such as Simple Bar Graph, Double Bar Graph, Divided Bar Graph, Horizontal Bar Graph, Vertical Bar Graph, and Column Bar Chart.
HelpDesk
How to Create a Bar Chart in ConceptDraw PRO
Bar charts (bar graphs) are diagrams displaying data as horizontal or vertical bars of certain heights.Bar charts are widely used to show and compare the values of the same parameters for different data groups.
The bar graph can be vertical or horizontal. This depends on the amount of categories. There are many methods in which bar graph can be built and this makes it a very often used chart type. Usually, a bar chart is created so that the bars are placed vertically. Such arrangement means that the bar's height value is proportional to the category value. Nevertheless, a bar chart can be also drawn horizontally. This means that the longer the bar, the bigger the category. Thus, a bar chart is a good way to present the relative values of different measured items. The ConceptDraw Bar Graphs solution allows you to draw a bar chart quickly using a vector library, containing the set of various bar charts objects.
Basic Flowchart Symbols and Meaning
Flowchart Symbols and Meaning - Provides a visual representation of basic flowchart symbols and their proposed use in professional workflow diagram, standard process flow diagram and communicating the structure of a well-developed web site, as well as their correlation in developing on-line instructional projects. See flowchart's symbols by specifics of process flow diagram symbols and workflow diagram symbols.![How to Build a Flowchart](https://i1.ytimg.com/vi/_3km8cQc_GQ/hqdefault.jpg)
Bar Graphs
The Bar Graphs solution enhances ConceptDraw PRO v10 functionality with templates, numerous professional-looking samples, and a library of vector stencils for drawing different types of Bar Graphs, such as Simple Bar Graph, Double Bar Graph, Divided Bar Graph, Horizontal Bar Graph, Vertical Bar Graph, and Column Bar Chart.
GUI Prototyping with ConceptDraw PRO
All about prototyping. GUI Prototyping with ConceptDraw. Download prototyping software.
Composition Dashboard
Composition dashboard solution extends ConceptDraw PRO software with templates, samples and vector stencils library with charts and indicators for drawing visual dashboards showing data composition.
Pyramid Diagram
ConceptDraw Pyramid Diagram software allows drawing column charts using predesigned objects or drawing tools.HelpDesk
How to Create Management Infographics Using ConceptDraw PRO
Management might want to communicate a basic workflow for each division of the company, visualise business strategy and decision processes, or display a certain business training concept. In this case, an infographic can be more text heavy, and use illustrations to establish a timeline, process, or step-by-step sequence of events.ConceptDraw PRO can be used as a tool for creating management infographics. It allows you to draw infographics quickly and easily using the special templates and vector stencils libraries. Infographics can be used to quickly communicate a message, to simplify the presentation of large amounts of data, to see data patterns and relationships, and to monitor changes in variables over time. It can contain bar graphs, pie charts, histograms, line charts, e.t.c.
Bubble diagrams with ConceptDraw PRO
Using ConceptDraw you will be able to create bubble diagrams from the ready ConceptDraw library objects or make your own objects. The created diagram can be saved and edited, objects can be moved and links between them will be automatically repainted after object moving because of using the ConceptDraw connectors.
Aerospace and Transport
This solution extends ConceptDraw PRO software with templates, samples and library of vector clipart for drawing the Aerospace and Transport Illustrations. It contains clipart of aerospace objects and transportation vehicles, office buildings and anci
Spatial Infographics
Spatial infographics solution extends ConceptDraw PRO software with infographic samples, map templates and vector stencils libraries with design elements for drawing spatial information graphics.
Football
The Football Solution extends ConceptDraw PRO v9.5 (or later) software with samples, templates, and libraries of vector objects for drawing football (American) diagrams, plays schemas, and illustrations. It can be used to make professional looking documen
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