Call Forwarding with ENUM

This interactive voice response (IVR) diagram sample illustrates how ENUM call forwarding can be achieved. It was designed on the base of the Wikimedia Commons file: Call Forwarding with ENUM.jpg. [commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Call_ Forwarding_ with_ ENUM.jpg]
"Telephone number mapping is a system of unifying the international telephone number system of the public switched telephone network with the Internet addressing and identification name spaces. Internationally, telephone numbers are systematically organized by the E.164 standard, while the Internet uses the Domain Name System (DNS) for linking domain names to IP addresses and other resource information. Telephone number mapping systems provide facilities to determine applicable Internet communications servers responsible for servicing a given telephone number using DNS queries.
The most prominent facility for telephone number mapping is the E.164 Number Mapping (ENUM) standard. It uses special DNS record types to translate a telephone number into a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) or IP address that can be used in Internet communications." [Telephone number mapping. Wikipedia]
The IVR diagram example "Call Forwarding with ENUM" was designed using ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Interactive Voice Response Diagrams solution from the Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

This IVR diagram example depicts the IVR balance recharge.
"IVR systems are typically intended to service high call volumes, reduce cost and improve the customer experience. Examples of typical IVR applications are telephone banking, televoting, and credit card services. Companies also use IVR services to extend their business hours to 24/ 7 operation. The use of IVR and voice automation allows callers' queries to be resolved without the need for queueing and incurring the cost of a live agent. If callers do not find the information they need or require further assistance, their calls are often transferred to an agent. This makes for a more efficient system in which agents have more time to deal with complex interactions. The agents do not deal with basic inquiries that require yes/ no responses or obtaining customer details. ...
Other common IVR services include:
(1) Mobile — Pay-As-You-Go account funding; registration; mobile purchases, such as ring tones and logos;
(2) Banking — balance, payments, transfers, transaction history;
(3) Retail & Entertainment — orders, bookings, credit & debit card payments;
(4) Utilities — meter readings; account look-up, history and balance, payment, consumption history;
(5) Travel — ticket booking, flight information, check-in;
(6) Weather forecasts, water, road and ice conditions." [Interactive voice response. Wikipedia]
The IVR diagram example "IVR balance recharge" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Interactive Voice Response Diagrams solution from the Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

This IVR diagram sample illustrates how ENUM works by giving an example: Subscriber A sets out to call Subscriber B:
1. The User Agent of an ENUM-enabled subscriber terminal device, or a PBX, or a Gateway, translates the request for the number +34 98 765 4321 in accordance with the rule described in RFC 3761 into the ENUM domain 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.4.3.e164.arpa.
2. A request is sent to the Domain Name System (DNS) asking it to look up the ENUM domain 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.4.3.e164.arpa.
3. The query returns a result in the form of so called Naming Authority Pointer Resource NAPTR records, as per RFC 3403. In the example above, the response is an address that can be reached in the Internet using the VoIP protocol, SIP per RFC 3261.
4. The terminal application now sets up a communication link, and the call is routed via the Internet.
This IVR diagram sample was designed on the base of the Wikimedia Commons file: Ejemplo ENUM.jpg. [commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Ejemplo_ ENUM.jpg]
"Being able to dial telephone numbers the way customers have come to expect is considered crucial for the convergence of classic telephone service (PSTN) and Internet telephony (Voice over IP, VoIP), and for the development of new IP multimedia services. The problem of a single universal personal identifier for multiple communication services can be solved with different approaches. One simple approach is the Electronic Number Mapping System (ENUM), developed by the IETF, using existing E.164 telephone numbers, protocols and infrastructure to indirectly access different services available under a single personal identifier. ENUM also permits connecting the IP world to the telephone system in a seamless manner." [Telephone number mapping. Wikipedia]
The IVR diagram example "Example ENUM" was designed using ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Interactive Voice Response Diagrams solution from the Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.