This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the ConceptDraw site you are agreeing to our Use of Site Cookies.
HelpDesk

How to Create a Fault Tree Analysis Diagram (FTD) in ConceptDraw PRO

Fault Tree Diagram are logic diagram that shows the state of an entire system in a relationship of the conditions of its elements. Fault Tree Diagram are used to analyze the probability of functional system failures and safety accidents. ConceptDraw PRO allows you to create professional Fault Tree Diagrams using the basic FTD symbols. An FTD visualize a model of the processes within a system that can lead to the unlikely event. A fault tree diagrams are created using standard logic symbols . The basic elements in a fault tree diagram are gates and events.
This PFD of jet fuel mercaptan oxidation treating was redrawn from Wikipedia file: ConvLPGMerox.png. [en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ File:ConvKeroMerox.png]
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported icense. [creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3.0/ deed.en]
"Merox is an acronym for mercaptan oxidation. It is a proprietary catalytic chemical process developed by UOP used in oil refineries and natural gas processing plants to remove mercaptans from LPG, propane, butanes, light naphthas, kerosene and jet fuel by converting them to liquid hydrocarbon disulfides.
The Merox process requires an alkaline environment which, in some of the process versions, is provided by an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong base, commonly referred to as caustic. In other versions of the process, the alkalinity is provided by ammonia, which is a weak base.
The catalyst in some versions of the process is a water-soluble liquid. In other versions, the catalyst is impregnated onto charcoal granules.
Processes within oil refineries or natural gas processing plants that remove mercaptans and/ or hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are commonly referred to as sweetening processes because they results in products which no longer have the sour, foul odors of mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide. The liquid hydrocarbon disulfides may remain in the sweetened products, they may be used as part of the refinery or natural gas processing plant fuel, or they may be processed further.
The Merox process is usually more economical than using a catalytic hydrodesulfurization process for much the same purpose." [en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Merox]
The process flow diagram (PFD) example "Jet fuel mercaptan oxidation treating" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemical and Process Engineering solution from the Chemical and Process Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Process flow diagram (PFD)
Process flow diagram (PFD), gate valve, electrically insulated, column, centrifugal pump,

Electrical Symbols — Logic Gate Diagram

In electronics, a logic gate is an idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function; that is, it performs a logical operation on one or more logical inputs, and produces a single logical output. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has for instance zero rise time and unlimited fan-out, or it may refer to a non-ideal physical device 26 libraries of the Electrical Engineering Solution of ConceptDraw PRO make your electrical diagramming simple, efficient, and effective. You can simply and quickly drop the ready-to-use objects from libraries into your document to create the electrical diagram.
"A logic gate is an idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function, that is, it performs a logical operation on one or more logical inputs, and produces a single logical output. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has for instance zero rise time and unlimited fan-out, or it may refer to a non-ideal physical device...
Logic gates are primarily implemented using diodes or transistors acting as electronic switches, but can also be constructed using electromagnetic relays (relay logic), fluidic logic, pneumatic logic, optics, molecules, or even mechanical elements. With amplification, logic gates can be cascaded in the same way that Boolean functions can be composed, allowing the construction of a physical model of all of Boolean logic, and therefore, all of the algorithms and mathematics that can be described with Boolean logic.
Logic circuits include such devices as multiplexers, registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), and computer memory, all the way up through complete microprocessors, which may contain more than 100 million gates. In practice, the gates are made from field-effect transistors (FETs), particularly MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors).
Compound logic gates AND-OR-Invert (AOI) and OR-AND-Invert (OAI) are often employed in circuit design because their construction using MOSFETs is simpler and more efficient than the sum of the individual gates.
In reversible logic, Toffoli gates are used." [Logic gate. Wikipedia]
The logic gate diagram template for the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software is included in the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Logic gate diagram
Logic gate diagram, OR gate, AND gate,
The vector stencils library "Fault tree analysis diagrams" contains 12 symbols for drawing FTA diagrams in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ engineering-fault-tree-analysis-diagrams
AND gate
AND gate, AND gate,
Priority AND gate
Priority AND gate, priority AND gate,
OR gate
OR gate, OR gate,
Inhibit gate
Inhibit gate, inhibit gate,
XOR gate
XOR gate, exclusive OR gate,
Event
Event, event,
Basic event
Basic event, basic event, basic initiating fault, failure event,
Undeveloped event
Undeveloped event, undeveloped event,
House event
House event, house event,
Conditional event
Conditional event, conditional event,
Transfer symbol
Transfer symbol, transfer,
Voting gate
Voting gate, voting gate,
The logic gate diagram example "2-bit ALU" was redesigned from the Wikimedia Commons file: 2-bit ALU.svg.
[commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:2-bit_ ALU.svg]
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. [creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3.0/ deed.en]
"In digital electronics, an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs integer arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit of a computer, and even the simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers. The processors found inside modern CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs) accommodate very powerful and very complex ALUs; a single component may contain a number of ALUs. ...
Most of a processor's operations are performed by one or more ALUs. An ALU loads data from input registers. Then an external control unit tells the ALU what operation to perform on that data, and then the ALU stores its result into an output register. The control unit is responsible for moving the processed data between these registers, ALU and memory." [Arithmetic logic unit. Wikipedia]
The logic gate diagram example "2-bit ALU" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Logic gate diagram
Logic gate diagram, negative logic, dot, junction, OR gate, EX-OR gate, exclusive-OR gate, AND gate,
The vector stencils library "Logic gate diagram" contains 17 logical element symbols.
Use these shapes for drawing the logic gate diagrams in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ engineering-electrical
AND gate
AND gate, AND gate,
OR gate
OR gate, OR gate,
NOR gate (NOT OR)
NOR gate (NOT OR), NOR gate, NOT OR,
NAND gate (NOT AND)
NAND gate (NOT AND), NAND gate, NOT AND,
NOT gate (inverter)
NOT gate (inverter), NOT gate, inverter,
EX-OR (Exclusive-OR) gate
EX-OR (Exclusive-OR) gate, EX-OR gate, exclusive-OR gate,
EX-NOR (Exclusive-NOR) gate
EX-NOR (Exclusive-NOR) gate, EX-NOR gate, exclusive-NOR gate,
Group
Group, group,
Operational Amplifier
Operational Amplifier, operational amplifier,
Alternative Operational Amplifier
Alternative Operational Amplifier, operational amplifier,
Norton op-amp
Norton op-amp, Norton opamp, Norton operational amplifier,
NOT gate (inverter)
NOT gate (inverter), NOT gate, inverter,
NAND gate (NOT AND)
NAND gate (NOT AND), NAND gate, NOT AND,
NOR gate (NOT OR)
NOR gate (NOT OR), NOR gate, NOT OR,
Buffer
Buffer, buffer,
Gate with Open-Collector Output
Gate with Open-Collector Output, gate, open-collector output,
Gate with Schmitt Trigger Input
Gate with Schmitt Trigger Input, gate, Schmitt trigger input,
The FTA diagram sample "Fault tree analysis - Insulin delivery system" was redesigned from the illustration of "CMSI 641: Introduction to Software Engineering. Design of Critical Systems. B.J. Johnson. 2005. Loyola Marymount University".
"Another way of assessing hazards is using fault tree analysis. In this process, each of the identified hazards is covered by a detailed analysis to find out what might cause it. Either inductive or deductive reasoning is applied. In the case of software hazards, the usual focus is to determine faults that will cause the system to fail to deliver a system service, such as a monitoring system. A "fault tree" is constructed to link all the possible situations together, to help identify the interrelationships of the failures, which modules may cause them, and what "trickle-down effects" there might be. Here is an example of a fault tree, as applied to the Insulin delivery system from Sommerville...
Note that this tree is only partially complete, since only the potential software faults are shown on the diagram. The potential failures involving hardware, such as low battery, blood monitor or sensor failure, patient over-exertion or inattention, or medical staff failure are noticeable by their absence.
The fault tree and safety specification processes are two ways of helping with system risk assessment tasks. Once the risks are identified, there are other assessments that need to take place. First, the likelihood of the risk occurrance must be assessed. This is often quantifiable, so numbers may be assigned based on things like MTBF, latency effects, and other known entities. There may be other non-quantifiable contributors to the risk likelihood, however, such that these must be assessed and estimated by experts in the domain. (Don't short-change this process when dealing with critical systems!) Finally, the risk assessment must include the severity of the risk, meaning an estimation of the cost to the project in the event the risk item actually does occur. "Cost to the project" means all associated costs, including schedule delays, human injury, damage to hardware, corruption of data, and so on."
[myweb.lmu.edu/ bjohnson/ cmsi641web/ week15-2.html]
The FTA diagram example "Fault tree analysis - Insulin delivery system" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
FTA diagram
FTA diagram, event, OR gate,
"Fault tree analysis (FTA) ... can be used to:
(1) understand the logic leading to the top event / undesired state.
(2) show compliance with the (input) system safety / reliability requirements.
(3) prioritize the contributors leading to the top event - Creating the Critical Equipment/ Parts/ Events lists for different importance measures.
(4) monitor and control the safety performance of the complex system (e.g., is a particular aircraft safe to fly when fuel valve x malfunctions? For how long is it allowed to fly with the valve malfunction?).
(5) minimize and optimize resources.
(6) assist in designing a system. The FTA can be used as a design tool that helps to create (output / lower level) requirements.
(7) function as a diagnostic tool to identify and correct causes of the top event. It can help with the creation of diagnostic manuals / processes." [Fault tree analysis. Wikipedia]
The fault tree analysis diagram template for the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software is included in the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
FTA diagram template
FTA diagram template, exclusive OR gate, event, basic event, basic initiating fault, failure event, OR gate, AND gate,

Fault Tree Analysis Software

ConceptDraw PRO extended with Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams Solution from the Engineering Area of ConceptDraw Solution Park is the best Fault Tree Analysis Software. First of all, Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams Solution provides a set of samples which are the good examples of easy drawing professional looking Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams.
The FTA diagram sample "Fault tree analysis - Insulin delivery system" was redesigned from the illustration of "CMSI 641: Introduction to Software Engineering. Design of Critical Systems. B.J. Johnson. 2005. Loyola Marymount University".
"Another way of assessing hazards is using fault tree analysis. In this process, each of the identified hazards is covered by a detailed analysis to find out what might cause it. Either inductive or deductive reasoning is applied. In the case of software hazards, the usual focus is to determine faults that will cause the system to fail to deliver a system service, such as a monitoring system. A "fault tree" is constructed to link all the possible situations together, to help identify the interrelationships of the failures, which modules may cause them, and what "trickle-down effects" there might be. Here is an example of a fault tree, as applied to the Insulin delivery system from Sommerville...
Note that this tree is only partially complete, since only the potential software faults are shown on the diagram. The potential failures involving hardware, such as low battery, blood monitor or sensor failure, patient over-exertion or inattention, or medical staff failure are noticeable by their absence.
The fault tree and safety specification processes are two ways of helping with system risk assessment tasks. Once the risks are identified, there are other assessments that need to take place. First, the likelihood of the risk occurrance must be assessed. This is often quantifiable, so numbers may be assigned based on things like MTBF, latency effects, and other known entities. There may be other non-quantifiable contributors to the risk likelihood, however, such that these must be assessed and estimated by experts in the domain. (Don't short-change this process when dealing with critical systems!) Finally, the risk assessment must include the severity of the risk, meaning an estimation of the cost to the project in the event the risk item actually does occur. "Cost to the project" means all associated costs, including schedule delays, human injury, damage to hardware, corruption of data, and so on."
[myweb.lmu.edu/ bjohnson/ cmsi641web/ week15-2.html]
The FTA diagram example "Fault tree analysis - Insulin delivery system" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
FTA diagram
FTA diagram, event, OR gate,
The vector stencils library "Logic gate diagram" contains 17 element symbols for drawing the logic gate diagrams.
"To build a functionally complete logic system, relays, valves (vacuum tubes), or transistors can be used. The simplest family of logic gates using bipolar transistors is called resistor-transistor logic (RTL). Unlike simple diode logic gates (which do not have a gain element), RTL gates can be cascaded indefinitely to produce more complex logic functions. RTL gates were used in early integrated circuits. For higher speed and better density, the resistors used in RTL were replaced by diodes resulting in diode-transistor logic (DTL). Transistor-transistor logic (TTL) then supplanted DTL. As integrated circuits became more complex, bipolar transistors were replaced with smaller field-effect transistors (MOSFETs); see PMOS and NMOS. To reduce power consumption still further, most contemporary chip implementations of digital systems now use CMOS logic. CMOS uses complementary (both n-channel and p-channel) MOSFET devices to achieve a high speed with low power dissipation." [Logic gate. Wikipedia]
The symbols example "Design elements - Logic gate diagram" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Logic gate symbols
Logic gate symbols, operational amplifier, gate, open-collector output, gate, Schmitt trigger input, buffer, OR gate, Norton opamp, Norton operational amplifier, NOT gate, inverter, NOR gate, NOT OR, NAND gate, NOT AND, EX-OR gate, exclusive-OR gate, EX-NOR gate, exclusive-NOR gate, AND gate,
The vector stencils library "Instruments" contains 72 symbols of control instruments and measuring devices: meters and gauges, and callouts, text boxes, and inserts.
Use these shapes to create annotated process flow diagrams (PFD), flow control, manufacturing processes, and distribution system diagrams in the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemical and Process Engineering solution from the Chemical and Process Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ engineering-chemical-process
Indicator local
Indicator local, indicator, discrete instrument,
Indicator remote
Indicator remote, indicator, discrete instrument,
Indicator auxiliary
Indicator auxiliary, indicator, discrete instrument,
CRT local
CRT local, CRT, shared display,
CRT remote
CRT remote,
CRT auxiliary
CRT auxiliary, CRT,  shared display,
PLC local
PLC local, PLC, programmable logic control,
PLC auxiliary
PLC auxiliary, PLC, programmable logic control,
PLC remote
PLC remote, PLC, programmable logic control,
Computer local
Computer local, computer, computer function,
Computer auxiliary
Computer auxiliary, computer, computer function,
Computer remote
Computer remote, computer, computer function,
Light local
Light local, light,
Light remote
Light remote, light,
Light auxiliary
Light auxiliary, light,
Indicator auxiliary (dashed)
Indicator auxiliary (dashed), dashed mid-line, indicator, discrete instrument,
Indicator remote (dashed)
Indicator remote (dashed), dashed mid-line, indicator, discrete instrument,
Steam traced auxiliary
Steam traced auxiliary, steam traced, steam traced instrument,
Steam traced remote
Steam traced remote, steam traced, steam traced instrument,
Steam traced local
Steam traced local, steam traced, steam traced instrument,
Level meter auxiliary
Level meter auxiliary, level meter,
Level meter remote
Level meter remote, level meter,
Level meter local
Level meter local, level meter,
Pressure gauge diaphragm
Pressure gauge diaphragm, pressure gauges,
Pressure gauge
Pressure gauge, pressure gauges,
Pressure gauge liquid filled
Pressure gauge liquid filled, pressure gauge,
Strain gauge
Strain gauge, strain gauge, pressure,
Thermometer bi-metallic
Thermometer bi-metallic, thermometer,
Thermometer gas
Thermometer gas, thermometer,
Thermometer general
Thermometer general, thermometer,
Thermometer glass
Thermometer glass, thermometer,
Thermometer liquid
Thermometer liquid, thermometer,
Thermometer resistance
Thermometer resistance, thermometer,
Thermometer thermocouple
Thermometer thermocouple, thermometer,
Flowmeter electromagnetic
Flowmeter electromagnetic, flowmeter,
Flowmeter general
Flowmeter general, flowmeter,
Flowmeter nozzle
Flowmeter nozzle, flowmeter,
Flowmeter orifice
Flowmeter orifice, flowmeter,
Flowmeter positive displacement
Flowmeter positive displacement, flowmeter,
Flowmeter turbine
Flowmeter turbine, flowmeter,
Flowmeter variable area
Flowmeter variable area, flowmeter,
Flowmeter Venturi
Flowmeter Venturi, flowmeter,
Level meter capacitive
Level meter capacitive, level meter,
Level meter conductive
Level meter conductive, level meter,
Level meter displacer
Level meter displacer, level meter,
Level meter float
Level meter float, level meter,
Level meter general
Level meter general, level meter,
Level meter sonic
Level meter sonic, level meter,
Indicator analoque
Indicator analoque, indicator,
Indicator digital
Indicator digital, indicator,
Indicator general
Indicator general, indicator,
Recorder analoque
Recorder analoque,  recorder,
Recorder digital
Recorder digital,  recorder,
Recorder general
Recorder general, recorder,
Converter
Converter, converter,
Converter 2 (1st half filled)
Converter 2 (1st half filled), converter,
Converter 3 (2nd half filled)
Converter 3 (2nd half filled), converter,
Venturi
Venturi, venturi, flow nozzle,
Venturi (pressure taps)
Venturi (pressure taps), venturi, flow nozzle,
Flowmeter
Flowmeter, flowmeter,
Rotameter
Rotameter, rotameter,
Vortex sensor
Vortex sensor, vortex sensor,
Propeller meter
Propeller meter, propeller meter,
Generic utility
Generic utility, generic utility,
Operator box
Operator box, operator box,
Operator box 2 (1st half filled)
Operator box 2 (1st half filled), operator box,
Operator box 3 (2nd half filled)
Operator box 3 (2nd half filled), operator box,
AND gate
AND gate, AND gate,
OR gate
OR gate,
NOT gate
NOT gate, NOT gate,
Correcting element
Correcting element, correcting element,
Diamond
Diamond, diamond,

Electrical Symbols — MOSFET

The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a type of transistor used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. Although the MOSFET is a four-terminal device with source (S), gate (G), drain (D), and body (B) terminals, the body (or substrate) of the MOSFET is often connected to the source terminal, making it a three-terminal device like other field-effect transistors. Because these two terminals are normally connected to each other (short-circuited) internally, only three terminals appear in electrical diagrams. The MOSFET is by far the most common transistor in both digital and analog circuits, though the bipolar junction transistor was at one time much more common. 26 libraries of the Electrical Engineering Solution of ConceptDraw PRO make your electrical diagramming simple, efficient, and effective. You can simply and quickly drop the ready-to-use objects from libraries into your document to create the electrical diagram.

Electrical Symbols — IGFET

There are several types of insulated gate field-effect transistors (IGFETs) in common use. The early term metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is still in use, and MOSFET is usually acceptable as a generic term for IGFETs. The metal oxide, and the insulation in the IGFET, is the insulating material between the gate terminal and the substrate between the source and drain terminals. This insulator must have very low leakage, of course, but another requirement for good performance of the transistor is that the dielectric constant of the material must be very high. 26 libraries of the Electrical Engineering Solution of ConceptDraw PRO make your electrical diagramming simple, efficient, and effective. You can simply and quickly drop the ready-to-use objects from libraries into your document to create the electrical diagram.