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The Data flow diagram (DFD) example "Payment for goods using UPS code scanner" shows data flow in process of payment for goods in the shop using the MaxiCode scanner.
"MaxiCode is a public domain, machine-readable symbol system originally created and used by United Parcel Service. Suitable for tracking and managing the shipment of packages, it resembles a barcode, but uses dots arranged in a hexagonal grid instead of bars. MaxiCode has been standardised under ISO/ IEC 16023.
A MaxiCode symbol (internally called "Bird's Eye", "Target", "dense code", or "UPS code") appears as a 1 inch square, with a bullseye in the middle, surrounded by a pattern of hexagonal dots. It can store about 93 characters of information, and up to 8 MaxiCode symbols can be chained together to convey more data. The centered symmetrical bullseye is useful in automatic symbol location regardless of orientation, and it allows MaxiCode symbols to be scanned even on a package traveling rapidly." [MaxiCode. Wikipedia]
This example of data flow diagram (Gane & Sarson notation) was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Data Flow Diagrams solution from the Software Development area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
DFD
DFD, process, external entity, data store,

Multi Layer Venn Diagram. Venn Diagram Example

To visualize the relationships between subsets of the universal set you can use Venn diagrams. To construct one, you should divide the plane into a number of cells using n figures. Each figure in the chart represents a single set of, and n is the number of represented sets. Splitting is done in a way that there is one and only one cell for any set of these figures, the points of which belong to all the figures from the set and do not belong to others. The plane on which the figures are represented, is the universal set U. Thus, the point which does not belong to any of the figures, belongs only to U.