This diagram sample shows the different situations that cooperative positioning may be helpful for vehicular networks. It was designed on the base of Wikimedia Commons file: CPsituations.jpg.
[commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CPsituations.jpg]
"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are created by applying the principles of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) - the spontaneous creation of a wireless network for data exchange - to the domain of vehicles. They are a key component of intelligent transportation systems (ITS).
While, in the early 2000s, VANETs were seen as a mere one-to-one application of MANET principles, they have since then developed into a field of research in their own right. By 2015, the term VANET became mostly synonymous with the more generic term inter-vehicle communication (IVC), although the focus remains on the aspect of spontaneous networking, much less on the use of infrastructure like Road Side Units (RSUs) or cellular networks." [Vehicular ad hoc network. Wikipedia]
The vehicular network diagram example "CP situations" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Computers and Communications solution from the Illustration area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.