Emergency management exercise cycle

This circular arrows diagram sample shows the exercise cycle stages: 1) Strategy plan, 2) Design and development, 3) Conduct and evaluation, 4) Improvement planning. It was designed on the base of the diagram on the Emergency Management Insitute training IS-120.b webpage from the website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of the United States Department of Homeland Security.
[emilms.fema.gov/ IS120A/ summary.htm]
"Exercises give communities, states, and regions a set of essential tools to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters." [emilms.fema.gov/ IS120A/ module0.htm]
"Disaster management (or emergency management) is the creation of plans through which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters. Disaster management does not avert or eliminate the threats; instead, it focuses on creating plans to decrease the effect of disasters. Failure to create a plan could lead to human mortality, lost revenue, and damage to assets. Currently in the United States 60 percent of businesses do not have emergency management plans. Events covered by disaster management include acts of terrorism, industrial sabotage, fire, natural disasters (such as earthquakes, hurricanes, etc.), public disorder, industrial accidents, and communication failures." [Emergency management. Wikipedia]
The diagram example "Emergency management exercise cycle" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Circular Arrows Diagrams solution from the area "What is a Diagram" of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

This work flow chart sample was redesigned from the picture "Simulation for earthquake disaster assessment" from the article "Simulation Workflows".
[iaas.uni-stuttgart.de/ forschung/ projects/ simtech/ sim-workflows.php]
" This simulation was developed to have an in depth understanding of the destructions and the decisions to be made in various phases of crisis management (Source: Mahdi Hashemi and Ali A. Alesheikh (2010). "Developing an agent based simulation model for earthquakes in the context of SDI." GSDI 12 World Conference. 19 – 22 October 2010. Singapour). The simulation process contains following major steps:
(1) All spatial information including satellite images (before and after the earthquake) and topographic/ cadastral maps of the area are mosaicked and georeferenced. The parts of the city that contain various levels of destructions are selected. Three types of features namely buildings, roads and recreational areas are classified and extracted from the satellite images.
(2) The governing factors of destructions are identified; a mathematical model that integrates the factors is constructed.
(3) The simulation is constructed for various parameter values (different earthquake strength, time elapses, etc.)" [iaas.uni-stuttgart.de/ forschung/ projects/ simtech/ sim-workflows.php]
The example "Workflow diagram - Earthquake disaster assessment" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Workflow Diagrams solution from the Business Processes area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.