Technical drawing - Machine parts assembling

This technical drawing shows the machine parts assembly using joining by threaded fasteners.
"Assembling (joining of the pieces) is done by welding, binding with adhesives, riveting, threaded fasteners, or even yet more bending in the form of a crimped seam. Structural steel and sheet metal are the usual starting materials for fabrication, along with the welding wire, flux, and fasteners that will join the cut pieces. As with other manufacturing processes, both human labor and automation are commonly used. The product resulting from fabrication may be called a fabrication. Shops that specialize in this type of metal work are called fab shops. The end products of other common types of metalworking, such as machining, metal stamping, forging, and casting, may be similar in shape and function, but those processes are not classified as fabrication." [Metal fabrication. Wikipedia]
This mechanical engineering drawing example was designed using ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with Mechanical Engineering solution from Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Bearings" contains 59 symbols of ball bearings, roller bearings, shafts, springs, gears, hooks, spindles, and keys.
Use it to design engineering drawings of machine tools and mechanical devices.
"A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion and reduce friction between moving parts to only the desired motion. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Many bearings also facilitate the desired motion as much as possible, such as by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts." [Bearing (mechanical). Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Bearings" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Mechanical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

"State machine diagram is a behavior diagram which shows discrete behavior of a part of designed system through finite state transitions. State machine diagrams can also be used to express the usage protocol of part of a system. Two kinds of state machines defined in UML 2.4 are:
(1) behavioral state machine, and
(2) protocol state machine.
The following nodes and edges are typically drawn in state machine diagram: behavioral state, behavioral transition, protocol state, protocol transition, different pseudostates. ...
Behavioral state machine is specialization of behavior and is used to specify discrete behavior of a part of designed system through finite state transitions. The state machine formalism used in this case is an object-based variant of Harel statecharts.
Behavior is modeled as a traversal of a graph of state nodes connected with transitions. Transitions are triggered by the dispatching of series of events. During the traversal, the state machine could also execute some activities. ...
Protocol state machine is a specialization of behavioral state machine and is used to express usage protocol or lifecycle of a classifier. It specifies which operations of the classifier can be called in which state and under which condition, thus specifying the allowed call sequences on the classifier’s operations. Protocol state machines express the legal transitions that a classifier can trigger." [uml-diagrams.org/ state-machine-diagrams.html]
The template "UML state machine diagram" for the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software is included in the Rapid UML solution from the Software Development area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ software-uml

This process flow diagram (PFD) of a typical crude oil distillation unit as used in petroleum crude oil refineries was redrawn from Wikipedia file: Crude Oil Distillation Unit.png. [en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ File:Crude_ Oil_ Distillation_ Unit.png]
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. [creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3.0/ deed.en]
"An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas. Oil refineries are typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying streams of fluids between large chemical processing units. In many ways, oil refineries use much of the technology of, and can be thought of, as types of chemical plants. The crude oil feedstock has typically been processed by an oil production plant. There is usually an oil depot (tank farm) at or near an oil refinery for the storage of incoming crude oil feedstock as well as bulk liquid products.
An oil refinery is considered an essential part of the midstream side of the petroleum industry." [en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Oil_ refinery]
The process flow diagram (PFD) example "Crude oil distillation" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Chemical and Process Engineering solution from the Chemical and Process Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Plumbing" contains 32 symbols of plumbing components and bathroom fixtures.
"Plumbing is the system of pipes, drains fittings, valves, valve assemblies, and devices installed in a building for the distribution of water for drinking, heating and washing, and the removal of waterborne wastes, and the skilled trade of working with pipes, tubing and plumbing fixtures in such systems. A plumber is someone who installs or repairs piping systems, plumbing fixtures and equipment such as water heaters and backflow preventers. The plumbing industry is a basic and substantial part of every developed economy due to the need for clean water, and sanitary collection and transport of wastes.
Plumbing is usually distinguished from water supply and sewage systems, in that a plumbing system serves one building, while water and sewage systems serve a group of buildings." [Plumbing. Wikipedia]
Use the design elements library "Plumbing" for drawing plumbing and piping plans, schematic diagrams and blueprints of waste water disposal systems, and hot and cold water supply systems using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
The shapes library "Plumbing" is included in the Plumbing and Piping Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Switches and relays" contains 58 symbols of electrical contacts, switches, relays, circuit breakers, selectors, connectors, disconnect devices, switching circuits, current regulators, and thermostats for electrical devices.
"In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to external circuits. Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either "closed" meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or "open", meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is nonconducting. The mechanism actuating the transition between these two states (open or closed) can be either a "toggle" (flip switch for continuous "on" or "off") or "momentary" (push-for "on" or push-for "off") type.
A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such as a computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a light switch. Automatically operated switches can be used to control the motions of machines, for example, to indicate that a garage door has reached its full open position or that a machine tool is in a position to accept another workpiece. Switches may be operated by process variables such as pressure, temperature, flow, current, voltage, and force, acting as sensors in a process and used to automatically control a system. ... A switch that is operated by another electrical circuit is called a relay. Large switches may be remotely operated by a motor drive mechanism. Some switches are used to isolate electric power from a system, providing a visible point of isolation that can be padlocked if necessary to prevent accidental operation of a machine during maintenance, or to prevent electric shock." [Switch. Wikipedia]
"A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays"." [Relay. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Switches and relays" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Dimensioning and tolerancing" contains 45 symbols of geometric dimensions and mechanical tolerances, geometric symbols, callouts, and text boxes and inserts.
Use these geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) shapes to create annotated mechanical drawings.
"Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances. It uses a symbolic language on engineering drawings and computer-generated three-dimensional solid models that explicitly describes nominal geometry and its allowable variation. It tells the manufacturing staff and machines what degree of accuracy and precision is needed on each controlled feature of the part. GD&T is used to define the nominal (theoretically perfect) geometry of parts and assemblies, to define the allowable variation in form and possible size of individual features, and to define the allowable variation between features." [Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Dimensioning and tolerancing" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Mechanical Engineering solution from the ConceptDraw Solution Park.