Design elements - Optics

The vector stencils library "Optics" contains 17 symbol icons: reflecting surface; convex and concave lens with and without optic axis, body or ray; ray; parallel beam of light; point light source; prism with and without ray path; refraction.
Use these shapes for drawing schemes of physical experiments in geometrical optics and ray tracing diagrams.
"Geometrical optics, or ray optics, describes light propagation in terms of "rays". The "ray" in geometric optics is an abstraction, or "instrument", which can be used to approximately model how light will propagate. Light rays are defined to propagate in a rectilinear path as they travel in a homogeneous medium. Rays bend (and may split in two) at the interface between two dissimilar media, may curve in a medium where the refractive index changes, and may be absorbed and reflected. Geometrical optics provides rules, which may depend on the color (wavelength) of the ray, for propagating these rays through an optical system. This is a significant simplification of optics that fails to account for optical effects such as diffraction and interference. It is an excellent approximation, however, when the wavelength is very small compared with the size of structures with which the light interacts. Geometric optics can be used to describe the geometrical aspects of imaging, including optical aberrations." [Geometrical optics. Wikipedia]
The example "Design elements - Optics" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Physics solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Optics" contains 17 symbol icons: reflecting surface; convex and concave lens with and without optic axis, body or ray; ray; parallel beam of light; point light source; prism with and without ray path; refraction.
Use these shapes for drawing physical schemes of geometrical optics experiments and ray tracing diagrams in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Physics solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ science-education-physics

This floor plan example was drawn on the base of slide 27 "Warehouse Layout Floor Plan" of the presentation "Operations Management. Layout Strategy. Chapter 9" from the website of the School of Business Administration at Portland State University. [sba.pdx.edu/ faculty/ karlt/ Ch9/ sld027.htm]
"A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications involving the transportation of heavy or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient transportation for a wide variety of materials, which make them very popular in the material handling and packaging industries. Many kinds of conveying systems are available, and are used according to the various needs of different industries. There are chain conveyors (floor and overhead) as well. Chain conveyors consist of enclosed tracks, I-Beam, towline, power & free, and hand pushed trolleys." [Conveyor system. Wikipedia]
The floor plan example "Warehouse with conveyor system" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Plant Layout Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

"A free body diagram, sometimes called a force diagram, is a pictorial device, often a rough working sketch, used by engineers and physicists to analyze the forces and moments acting on a body. The body itself may consist of multiple components, an automobile for example, or just a part of a component, a short section of a beam for example, anything in fact that may be considered to act as a single body, if only for a moment. A whole series of such diagrams may be necessary to analyze forces in a complex problem. The free body in a free body diagram is not free of constraints, it is just that the constraints have been replaced by arrows representing the forces and moments they generate." [Free body diagram. Wikipedia]
The free-body diagram example was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Physics solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Design elements - Electron tubes" contains 36 element symbols of electron tubes.
Use it for drawing electrical schematics and electronic circuit diagrams.
"One classification of vacuum tubes is by the number of active electrodes, (neglecting the filament or heater). A device with two active elements is a diode, usually used for rectification. Devices with three elements are triodes used for amplification and switching. Additional electrodes create tetrodes, pentodes, and so forth, which have multiple additional functions made possible by the additional controllable electrodes.
Other classifications are:
(1) by frequency range (audio, radio, VHF, UHF, microwave),
(2) by power rating (small-signal, audio power, high-power radio transmitting),
(3) by design (e.g., sharp- versus remote-cutoff in some pentodes),
(4) by application (receiving tubes, transmitting tubes, amplifying or switching, rectification, mixing),
(5) special qualities (long life, very low microphonic and low noise audio amplification, and so on).
Multiple classifications may apply to a device; for example similar dual triodes can be used for audio preamplification and as flip-flops in computers, although linearity is important in the former case and long life in the latter.
Tubes have different functions, such as cathode ray tubes which create a beam of electrons for display purposes (such as the television picture tube) in addition to more specialized functions such as electron microscopy and electron beam lithography. X-ray tubes are also vacuum tubes. Phototubes and photomultipliers rely on electron flow through a vacuum, though in those cases electron emission from the cathode depends on energy from photons rather than thermionic emission." [Vacuum tube. Wikipedia]
The symbols example "Design elements - Electron tubes" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Welding" contains 38 welding joint symbols to identify fillets, contours, resistance seams, grooves, surfacing, and backing.
Use it to indicate welding operations on working drawings.
"Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the workpieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material (the weld pool) that cools to become a strong joint, with pressure sometimes used in conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld. This is in contrast with soldering and brazing, which involve melting a lower-melting-point material between the workpieces to form a bond between them, without melting the workpieces.
Many different energy sources can be used for welding, including a gas flame, an electric arc, a laser, an electron beam, friction, and ultrasound.
Welds can be geometrically prepared in many different ways. The five basic types of weld joints are the butt joint, lap joint, corner joint, edge joint, and T-joint (a variant of this last is the cruciform joint). Other variations exist as well - for example, double-V preparation joints are characterized by the two pieces of material each tapering to a single center point at one-half their height. Single-U and double-U preparation joints are also fairly common - instead of having straight edges like the single-V and double-V preparation joints, they are curved, forming the shape of a U. Lap joints are also commonly more than two pieces thick - depending on the process used and the thickness of the material, many pieces can be welded together in a lap joint geometry." [Welding. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Welding" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Mechanical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.