Electrical Symbols — Analog and Digital Logic
The vector stencils library "Audio" contains 91 audio, sound and music icons. Use it to design your audio, video and multimedia illustrations, presentations, web pages and infographics with ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
"Digital audio refers to technology that can be used to record, store, generate, manipulate, and reproduce sound using audio signals encoded in digital form. Following significant advances in digital audio technology during the 1970s, it rapidly replaced analog audio technology in most areas of sound production, sound engineering and telecommunications. Sound is converted to an analog electrical signal by a microphone, then an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), typically using pulse-code modulation, is used to convert it to a digital signal. A digital-to-analog converter performs the reverse process, converting a digital signal back into an analog signal, which can be converted to an audible sound by a loudspeaker. Digital audio systems may include compression, storage, processing and transmission components. Conversion to a digital format allows convenient manipulation, storage, transmission and retrieval of an audio signal." [Digital audio. Wikipedia]
The vector stencils library "Audio" is included in the Audio, Video, Media solution from the Illustration area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Digital audio refers to technology that can be used to record, store, generate, manipulate, and reproduce sound using audio signals encoded in digital form. Following significant advances in digital audio technology during the 1970s, it rapidly replaced analog audio technology in most areas of sound production, sound engineering and telecommunications. Sound is converted to an analog electrical signal by a microphone, then an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), typically using pulse-code modulation, is used to convert it to a digital signal. A digital-to-analog converter performs the reverse process, converting a digital signal back into an analog signal, which can be converted to an audible sound by a loudspeaker. Digital audio systems may include compression, storage, processing and transmission components. Conversion to a digital format allows convenient manipulation, storage, transmission and retrieval of an audio signal." [Digital audio. Wikipedia]
The vector stencils library "Audio" is included in the Audio, Video, Media solution from the Illustration area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Audio wave
Mute
Volume
Music
Note
Notes
Music keys
Piano
Acoustic guitar
Guitar 1
Guitar 2
Electric guitar
Violin
Gramophone
Trumpet
Accordion
Microphone 1
Microphone 2
Microphone 3
Microphone 4
Microphone 5
Turn off microphone
Wire microphone
Mic 1
Mic 2
Karaoke
Singer
Megaphone 1
Megaphone 2
Loudspeaker
Bluetooth earpiece
Headset ear hook
Earphones 1
Earphones 2
Headset 1
Headset 2
Headset 3
Headphones 1
Headphones 2
Headphones 3
Headphones 4
Music player
Audio system
Stereo music system
Music system
Home theatre 1
Home theatre 2
Amplifier 1
Amplifier 2
Loudspeaker 1
Loudspeaker 2
Loudspeaker sound waves
Speaker 1
Speaker 2
Speaker box
Woofer
Woofer speaker
Subwoofer 1
Subwoofer 2
Stereo
Sound control
Vinyl
Audio cassette 1
Audio cassette 2
Cassette
Audio tape
Turntable
Record player
Cassette player
Tape player
Boombox 1
Boombox 2
Boombox 3
Portable radio
Radio set
Radio 1
Radio 2
Mixer
Equalizer 1
Equalizer 2
Equalizer 3
Volume adjuster
Volume control
DJ
Mixer table
Midi
Piano keyboard
Audio file
Music album
Audio cable 1
Audio cable 2
The vector stencils library "Analog and digital logic" contains 40 element symbols of logic (threshold) gates, bistable current switches, current controllers, regulators, electrical generators, and amplifiers.
Use it for drawing the digital and analog functions in electronic circuit diagrams and electrical schematics.
"Analogue electronics (or analog in American English) are electronic systems with a continuously variable signal, in contrast to digital electronics where signals usually take only two different levels. The term "analogue" describes the proportional relationship between a signal and a voltage or current that represents the signal." [Analogue electronics. Wikipedia]
"Digital electronics, or digital (electronic) circuits, represent signals by discrete bands of analog levels, rather than by a continuous range. All levels within a band represent the same signal state. Relatively small changes to the analog signal levels due to manufacturing tolerance, signal attenuation or parasitic noise do not leave the discrete envelope, and as a result are ignored by signal state sensing circuitry.
In most cases the number of these states is two, and they are represented by two voltage bands: one near a reference value (typically termed as "ground" or zero volts) and a value near the supply voltage, corresponding to the "false" ("0") and "true" ("1") values of the Boolean domain respectively.
Digital techniques are useful because it is easier to get an electronic device to switch into one of a number of known states than to accurately reproduce a continuous range of values.
Digital electronic circuits are usually made from large assemblies of logic gates, simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions." [Digital electronics. Wikipedia]
The example "Design elements - Analog and digital logic" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Use it for drawing the digital and analog functions in electronic circuit diagrams and electrical schematics.
"Analogue electronics (or analog in American English) are electronic systems with a continuously variable signal, in contrast to digital electronics where signals usually take only two different levels. The term "analogue" describes the proportional relationship between a signal and a voltage or current that represents the signal." [Analogue electronics. Wikipedia]
"Digital electronics, or digital (electronic) circuits, represent signals by discrete bands of analog levels, rather than by a continuous range. All levels within a band represent the same signal state. Relatively small changes to the analog signal levels due to manufacturing tolerance, signal attenuation or parasitic noise do not leave the discrete envelope, and as a result are ignored by signal state sensing circuitry.
In most cases the number of these states is two, and they are represented by two voltage bands: one near a reference value (typically termed as "ground" or zero volts) and a value near the supply voltage, corresponding to the "false" ("0") and "true" ("1") values of the Boolean domain respectively.
Digital techniques are useful because it is easier to get an electronic device to switch into one of a number of known states than to accurately reproduce a continuous range of values.
Digital electronic circuits are usually made from large assemblies of logic gates, simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions." [Digital electronics. Wikipedia]
The example "Design elements - Analog and digital logic" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Analog and digital logic elements
Electrical Symbols — Maintenance
The vector stencils library "Analog and digital logic" contains 40 element symbols of logic (threshold) gates, bistable current switches, current controllers, regulators, electrical generators, and amplifiers.
Use it for drawing the digital and analog functions in electronic circuit diagrams and electrical schematics in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ engineering-electrical
Use it for drawing the digital and analog functions in electronic circuit diagrams and electrical schematics in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ engineering-electrical
Clock
Function generator
Amplifier
Converter
Logic gates
Inverter
Inverter 2
Buffer
Buffer 2
RS Flip-flop
JK Flip-flop
Latch Flip-flop
D Flip-flop
Analog symbol
Digital symbol
Negative logic dot
Potentiometer
Potentiometer 2
Positional servo
Piezoelectric crystal, 4 electrodes
Piezoelectric crystal, 3 electrodes
Piezoelectric crystal, 2 electrodes
I/O port bidirectional
I/O port unidirectional
Square signal
Sine wave signal
Sawtooth signal
Ramp signal
3 state data signal
Three-state buffer
Integrator
Summing amplifier
Multiplier
Divider
Function generator 2
Generalized integrator
Operational amplifier
Operational amplifier 2
Switch point
Switch point 2
The vector stencils library "Audio and video connectors" contains 94 symbols of audio and video connectors (TRS, TS, XLR, microphone, headphone, TOSLINK, DVI, VGA, DFP, S-Video, RCA, display port, HDMI, Thunderbolt, coaxial TV, F connector, MIDI) and device silhouettes.
Use these jacks and plugs clipart icons for drawing hook up diagrams.
"Audio connectors and video connectors are electrical connectors (or optical connectors) for carrying audio signal and video signal, of either analog or digital format. Analog A/ V connectors often use shielded cables to inhibit radio frequency interference (RFI) and noise." [Audio and video connector. Wikipedia]
"The existence of many different audio and video standards necessitates the definition of hardware interfaces, which define the physical characteristics of the connections between electrical equipment. This includes the types and numbers of wires required along with the strength and frequency of the signal. It also includes the physical design of the plugs and sockets.
An interface may define a connector that is used only by that interface (e.g., DVI) or may define a connector that is also used by another interface; for example, RCA connectors are defined both by the composite video and component video interfaces.
Audio connectors and video connectors are electrical connectors (or optical connectors) for carrying audio signal and video signal, of either analog or digital format. Analog A/ V connectors often use shielded cables to inhibit radio frequency interference (RFI) and noise.
Since both analog and digital signals are used with some styles of connectors, knowledge of the interface used is necessary for a successful transfer of signals. Some interface types use only a distinctive connector or family of connectors, to ensure compatibility. Especially with analog interfaces, physically interchangeable connectors may not carry compatible signals.
Some of these connectors, and other types of connectors, are also used at radio frequency (RF) to connect a radio or television receiver to an antenna or to a cable system..." [Audio and video interfaces and connectors. Wikipedia]
The clipart icons example "Design elements - Audio and video connectors" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Audio and Video Connectors solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Use these jacks and plugs clipart icons for drawing hook up diagrams.
"Audio connectors and video connectors are electrical connectors (or optical connectors) for carrying audio signal and video signal, of either analog or digital format. Analog A/ V connectors often use shielded cables to inhibit radio frequency interference (RFI) and noise." [Audio and video connector. Wikipedia]
"The existence of many different audio and video standards necessitates the definition of hardware interfaces, which define the physical characteristics of the connections between electrical equipment. This includes the types and numbers of wires required along with the strength and frequency of the signal. It also includes the physical design of the plugs and sockets.
An interface may define a connector that is used only by that interface (e.g., DVI) or may define a connector that is also used by another interface; for example, RCA connectors are defined both by the composite video and component video interfaces.
Audio connectors and video connectors are electrical connectors (or optical connectors) for carrying audio signal and video signal, of either analog or digital format. Analog A/ V connectors often use shielded cables to inhibit radio frequency interference (RFI) and noise.
Since both analog and digital signals are used with some styles of connectors, knowledge of the interface used is necessary for a successful transfer of signals. Some interface types use only a distinctive connector or family of connectors, to ensure compatibility. Especially with analog interfaces, physically interchangeable connectors may not carry compatible signals.
Some of these connectors, and other types of connectors, are also used at radio frequency (RF) to connect a radio or television receiver to an antenna or to a cable system..." [Audio and video interfaces and connectors. Wikipedia]
The clipart icons example "Design elements - Audio and video connectors" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Audio and Video Connectors solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Audio and video jacks and plugs
The vector stencils library "Switches and relays" contains 58 symbols of electrical contacts, switches, relays, circuit breakers, selectors, connectors, disconnect devices, switching circuits, current regulators, and thermostats for electrical devices.
"In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to external circuits. Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either "closed" meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or "open", meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is nonconducting. The mechanism actuating the transition between these two states (open or closed) can be either a "toggle" (flip switch for continuous "on" or "off") or "momentary" (push-for "on" or push-for "off") type.
A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such as a computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a light switch. Automatically operated switches can be used to control the motions of machines, for example, to indicate that a garage door has reached its full open position or that a machine tool is in a position to accept another workpiece. Switches may be operated by process variables such as pressure, temperature, flow, current, voltage, and force, acting as sensors in a process and used to automatically control a system. ... A switch that is operated by another electrical circuit is called a relay. Large switches may be remotely operated by a motor drive mechanism. Some switches are used to isolate electric power from a system, providing a visible point of isolation that can be padlocked if necessary to prevent accidental operation of a machine during maintenance, or to prevent electric shock." [Switch. Wikipedia]
"A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays"." [Relay. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Switches and relays" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to external circuits. Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either "closed" meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or "open", meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is nonconducting. The mechanism actuating the transition between these two states (open or closed) can be either a "toggle" (flip switch for continuous "on" or "off") or "momentary" (push-for "on" or push-for "off") type.
A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such as a computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a light switch. Automatically operated switches can be used to control the motions of machines, for example, to indicate that a garage door has reached its full open position or that a machine tool is in a position to accept another workpiece. Switches may be operated by process variables such as pressure, temperature, flow, current, voltage, and force, acting as sensors in a process and used to automatically control a system. ... A switch that is operated by another electrical circuit is called a relay. Large switches may be remotely operated by a motor drive mechanism. Some switches are used to isolate electric power from a system, providing a visible point of isolation that can be padlocked if necessary to prevent accidental operation of a machine during maintenance, or to prevent electric shock." [Switch. Wikipedia]
"A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays"." [Relay. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Switches and relays" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Switch and relay symbols
The vector stencils library "Cisco optical" contains 19 symbols of optical devices for drawing Cisco computer network diagrams.
"Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. ... Because of its advantages over electrical transmission, optical fibers have largely replaced copper wire communications in core networks in the developed world. Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals. ...
The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal involving the use of a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak, receiving the optical signal, and converting it into an electrical signal." [Fiber-optic communication. Wikipedia]
The symbols example "Cisco optical - Vector stencils library" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Cisco Network Diagrams solution from the Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ computer-networks-cisco
"Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. ... Because of its advantages over electrical transmission, optical fibers have largely replaced copper wire communications in core networks in the developed world. Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals. ...
The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal involving the use of a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak, receiving the optical signal, and converting it into an electrical signal." [Fiber-optic communication. Wikipedia]
The symbols example "Cisco optical - Vector stencils library" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Cisco Network Diagrams solution from the Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ computer-networks-cisco
Automatic Protection Switching (APS)
-cisco-optical---vector-stencils-library.png--diagram-flowchart-example.png)
Channelized pipe
Concatenated payload
Optical cross-connect
WDM
Optical fiber
ONS 15104
SONET MUX
Optical amplifier
Digitall cross-connect
Optical services router
Cisco 10700
Optical transport
Wide Area Application Engine (WAE)
-cisco-optical---vector-stencils-library.png--diagram-flowchart-example.png)
Protected optical
Unprotected optical
Metro 1500
ONS 15500
Pipe
Ring Network Topology
Electrical Symbols — Transmission Paths
The vector stencils library "Lamps, acoustics, readouts" contains 35 element symbols of lamps, acoustic components, electrical measuring instruments for drawing electrical schematics and electronic circuit diagrams.
"Electrical measurements are the methods, devices and calculations used to measure electrical quantities. Measurement of electrical quantities may be done to measure electrical parameters of a system. Using transducers, physical properties such as temperature, pressure, flow, force, and many others can be converted into electrical signals, which can then be conveniently measured and recorded." [Electrical measurements. Wikipedia]
"A lamp is a replaceable component such as an incandescent light bulb, which is designed to produce light from electricity." [Lamp (electrical component). Wikipedia]
"An electric bell is a mechanical bell that... functions by means of an electromagnet. When an electric current is applied, it produces a repetitive buzzing or clanging sound." [Electric bell. Wikipedia]
"A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric." [Buzzer. Wikipedia]
"Electronic sirens incorporate circuits such as oscillators, modulators, and amplifiers to synthesize a selected siren tone (wail, yelp, pierce/ priority/ phaser, hi-lo, scan, airhorn, manual, and a few more) which is played through external speakers." [Siren (noisemaker). Wikipedia]
"A microphone (colloquially called a mic or mike...) is an acoustic-to-electric transducer or sensor that converts sound in air into an electrical signal. ...
Most microphones today use electromagnetic induction (dynamic microphone), capacitance change (condenser microphone) or piezoelectric generation to produce an electrical signal from air pressure variations." [Microphone. Wikipedia]
The symbols example "Design elements - Lamps, acoustics, readouts" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Electrical measurements are the methods, devices and calculations used to measure electrical quantities. Measurement of electrical quantities may be done to measure electrical parameters of a system. Using transducers, physical properties such as temperature, pressure, flow, force, and many others can be converted into electrical signals, which can then be conveniently measured and recorded." [Electrical measurements. Wikipedia]
"A lamp is a replaceable component such as an incandescent light bulb, which is designed to produce light from electricity." [Lamp (electrical component). Wikipedia]
"An electric bell is a mechanical bell that... functions by means of an electromagnet. When an electric current is applied, it produces a repetitive buzzing or clanging sound." [Electric bell. Wikipedia]
"A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric." [Buzzer. Wikipedia]
"Electronic sirens incorporate circuits such as oscillators, modulators, and amplifiers to synthesize a selected siren tone (wail, yelp, pierce/ priority/ phaser, hi-lo, scan, airhorn, manual, and a few more) which is played through external speakers." [Siren (noisemaker). Wikipedia]
"A microphone (colloquially called a mic or mike...) is an acoustic-to-electric transducer or sensor that converts sound in air into an electrical signal. ...
Most microphones today use electromagnetic induction (dynamic microphone), capacitance change (condenser microphone) or piezoelectric generation to produce an electrical signal from air pressure variations." [Microphone. Wikipedia]
The symbols example "Design elements - Lamps, acoustics, readouts" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Lamps, acoustics, electrical measuring instruments
The vector stencils library "Transmission paths" contains 43 symbols of power transmission paths, electronic circuits, bus connectors and elbows, terminals, junctions, and concentrators.
Use it to annotate electrical diagrams, electronic schematics and circuit diagrams.
"A physical medium in data communications is the transmission path over which a signal propagates.
Many transmission media are used as communications channel.
For telecommunications purposes in the United States, Federal Standard 1037C, transmission media are classified as one of the following:
(1) Guided (or bounded) - waves are guided along a solid medium such as a transmission line.
(2) Wireless (or unguided) - transmission and reception are achieved by means of an antenna.
One of the most common physical medias used in networking is copper wire. Copper wire to carry signals to long distances using relatively low amounts of power. The unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is eight strands of copper wire, organized into four pairs.
Another example of a physical medium is optical fiber, which has emerged as the most commonly used transmission medium for long-distance communications. Optical fiber is a thin strand of glass that guides light along its length.
Multimode and single mode are two types of commonly used optical fiber. Multimode fiber uses LEDs as the light source and can carry signals over shorter distances, about 2 kilometers. Single mode can carry signals over distances of tens of miles.
Wireless media may carry surface waves or skywaves, either longitudinally or transversely, and are so classified.
In both communications, communication is in the form of electromagnetic waves. With guided transmission media, the waves are guided along a physical path; examples of guided media include phone lines, twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and optical fibers. Unguided transmission media are methods that allow the transmission of data without the use of physical means to define the path it takes. Examples of this include microwave, radio or infrared. Unguided media provide a means for transmitting electromagnetic waves but do not guide them; examples are propagation through air, vacuum and seawater.
The term direct link is used to refer to the transmission path between two devices in which signals propagate directly from transmitters to receivers with no intermediate devices, other than amplifiers or repeaters used to increase signal strength. This term can apply to both guided and unguided media.
A transmission may be simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex.
In simplex transmission, signals are transmitted in only one direction; one station is a transmitter and the other is the receiver. In the half-duplex operation, both stations may transmit, but only one at a time. In full duplex operation, both stations may transmit simultaneously. In the latter case, the medium is carrying signals in both directions at same time." [Transmission medium. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Transmission paths" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Use it to annotate electrical diagrams, electronic schematics and circuit diagrams.
"A physical medium in data communications is the transmission path over which a signal propagates.
Many transmission media are used as communications channel.
For telecommunications purposes in the United States, Federal Standard 1037C, transmission media are classified as one of the following:
(1) Guided (or bounded) - waves are guided along a solid medium such as a transmission line.
(2) Wireless (or unguided) - transmission and reception are achieved by means of an antenna.
One of the most common physical medias used in networking is copper wire. Copper wire to carry signals to long distances using relatively low amounts of power. The unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is eight strands of copper wire, organized into four pairs.
Another example of a physical medium is optical fiber, which has emerged as the most commonly used transmission medium for long-distance communications. Optical fiber is a thin strand of glass that guides light along its length.
Multimode and single mode are two types of commonly used optical fiber. Multimode fiber uses LEDs as the light source and can carry signals over shorter distances, about 2 kilometers. Single mode can carry signals over distances of tens of miles.
Wireless media may carry surface waves or skywaves, either longitudinally or transversely, and are so classified.
In both communications, communication is in the form of electromagnetic waves. With guided transmission media, the waves are guided along a physical path; examples of guided media include phone lines, twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and optical fibers. Unguided transmission media are methods that allow the transmission of data without the use of physical means to define the path it takes. Examples of this include microwave, radio or infrared. Unguided media provide a means for transmitting electromagnetic waves but do not guide them; examples are propagation through air, vacuum and seawater.
The term direct link is used to refer to the transmission path between two devices in which signals propagate directly from transmitters to receivers with no intermediate devices, other than amplifiers or repeaters used to increase signal strength. This term can apply to both guided and unguided media.
A transmission may be simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex.
In simplex transmission, signals are transmitted in only one direction; one station is a transmitter and the other is the receiver. In the half-duplex operation, both stations may transmit, but only one at a time. In full duplex operation, both stations may transmit simultaneously. In the latter case, the medium is carrying signals in both directions at same time." [Transmission medium. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Transmission paths" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Transmission path symbols
This vehicular network diagram example was drawn on the base of picture illustrating the post "LED Traffic Signals and Vehicle Lights for Optical Broadband Communications" from the blog "Terranautix".
"Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a rapidly emerging field that focuses on the use of light sources (between 400 THz and 800 THz) for the primary purpose of broadband communications. In order to transmit data over light, the light source (transceiver) is pulsed on and off rapidly to create a data stream, similar to fiber optic communications, but in the wireless form, or “Free-Space Optical Transmission“. By pulsing lights many thousands (and millions) of times per second, data transmission occurs at a rate undetectable by the human eye. Optical receivers convert the light pulses to an electronic signal on the receiver end. The Light Emitting Diode (LED) is the primary form factor currently undergoing extensive research."
[terranautix.com/ tag/ communications]
The vehicular network diagram example "Visible light communication" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Vehicular Networking solution from the Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a rapidly emerging field that focuses on the use of light sources (between 400 THz and 800 THz) for the primary purpose of broadband communications. In order to transmit data over light, the light source (transceiver) is pulsed on and off rapidly to create a data stream, similar to fiber optic communications, but in the wireless form, or “Free-Space Optical Transmission“. By pulsing lights many thousands (and millions) of times per second, data transmission occurs at a rate undetectable by the human eye. Optical receivers convert the light pulses to an electronic signal on the receiver end. The Light Emitting Diode (LED) is the primary form factor currently undergoing extensive research."
[terranautix.com/ tag/ communications]
The vehicular network diagram example "Visible light communication" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Vehicular Networking solution from the Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Vehicular network diagram
The vector stencils library "Delay elements" contains 12 symbols of delay elements for drawing electrical schematics and electronic circuit diagrams.
"An analog delay line is a network of electrical components connected in series, where each individual element creates a time difference or phase change between its input signal and its output signal. It operates on analog signals whose amplitude varies continuously. An example is a bucket-brigade device. Other types of delay line include acoustic, magnetostrictive, and surface acoustic wave devices. A series of RC networks can be cascaded to form a delay. A long transmission line can also provide a delay element. The delay time of an analog delay line may be only a few nanoseconds or several milliseconds, limited by the practical size of the physical medium used to delay the signal and the propagation speed of impulses in the medium." [Analog delay line. Wikipedia]
The symbols example "Design elements - Delay elements" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"An analog delay line is a network of electrical components connected in series, where each individual element creates a time difference or phase change between its input signal and its output signal. It operates on analog signals whose amplitude varies continuously. An example is a bucket-brigade device. Other types of delay line include acoustic, magnetostrictive, and surface acoustic wave devices. A series of RC networks can be cascaded to form a delay. A long transmission line can also provide a delay element. The delay time of an analog delay line may be only a few nanoseconds or several milliseconds, limited by the practical size of the physical medium used to delay the signal and the propagation speed of impulses in the medium." [Analog delay line. Wikipedia]
The symbols example "Design elements - Delay elements" was drawn using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Electrical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Delay element symbols
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