"Failure analysis is the process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the cause of a failure. It is an important discipline in many branches of manufacturing industry, such as the electronics industry, where it is a vital tool used in the development of new products and for the improvement of existing products. There are many companies which provide services to find the cause of failure in products, devices and in post disaster situations. The failure analysis process relies on collecting failed components for subsequent examination of the cause or causes of failure using a wide array of methods, especially microscopy and spectroscopy. The NDT or nondestructive testing methods (such as Industrial computed tomography scanning) are valuable because the failed products are unaffected by analysis, so inspection always starts using these methods." [Failure analysis. Wikipedia]
The example "Audit failure - Fault tree analysis diagram" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
The example "Audit failure - Fault tree analysis diagram" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Root cause analysis (RCA) is a method of problem solving that tries to identify the root causes of faults or problems.
RCA practice tries to solve problems by attempting to identify and correct the root causes of events, as opposed to simply addressing their symptoms. Focusing correction on root causes has the goal of preventing problem recurrence. RCFA (Root Cause Failure Analysis) recognizes that complete prevention of recurrence by one corrective action is not always possible.
Conversely, there may be several effective measures (methods) that address the root causes of a problem. Thus, RCA is an iterative process and a tool of continuous improvement.
RCA is typically used as a reactive method of identifying event(s) causes, revealing problems and solving them. Analysis is done after an event has occurred. Insights in RCA may make it useful as a preemptive method. In that event, RCA can be used to forecast or predict probable events even before they occur. While one follows the other, RCA is a completely separate process to Incident Management." [Root cause analysis. Wikipedia]
The root cause analysis (RCA) tree diagram example "Manufacturing problem solution" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the solution "Seven Management and Planning Tools" from the Management area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
RCA practice tries to solve problems by attempting to identify and correct the root causes of events, as opposed to simply addressing their symptoms. Focusing correction on root causes has the goal of preventing problem recurrence. RCFA (Root Cause Failure Analysis) recognizes that complete prevention of recurrence by one corrective action is not always possible.
Conversely, there may be several effective measures (methods) that address the root causes of a problem. Thus, RCA is an iterative process and a tool of continuous improvement.
RCA is typically used as a reactive method of identifying event(s) causes, revealing problems and solving them. Analysis is done after an event has occurred. Insights in RCA may make it useful as a preemptive method. In that event, RCA can be used to forecast or predict probable events even before they occur. While one follows the other, RCA is a completely separate process to Incident Management." [Root cause analysis. Wikipedia]
The root cause analysis (RCA) tree diagram example "Manufacturing problem solution" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the solution "Seven Management and Planning Tools" from the Management area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
The vector stencils library "Fault tree analysis diagrams" contains 12 symbols for drawing Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) diagrams.
"Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a top down, deductive failure analysis in which an undesired state of a system is analyzed using Boolean logic to combine a series of lower-level events. This analysis method is mainly used in the fields of safety engineering and reliability engineering to understand how systems can fail, to identify the best ways to reduce risk or to determine (or get a feeling for) event rates of a safety accident or a particular system level (functional) failure. FTA is used in the aerospace, nuclear power, chemical and process, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and other high-hazard industries; but is also used in fields as diverse as risk factor identification relating to social service system failure.
In aerospace, the more general term "system Failure Condition" is used for the "undesired state" / Top event of the fault tree. These conditions are classified by the severity of their effects. The most severe conditions require the most extensive fault tree analysis. These "system Failure Conditions" and their classification are often previously determined in the functional Hazard analysis." [Fault tree analysis. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Fault tree analysis diagrams" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a top down, deductive failure analysis in which an undesired state of a system is analyzed using Boolean logic to combine a series of lower-level events. This analysis method is mainly used in the fields of safety engineering and reliability engineering to understand how systems can fail, to identify the best ways to reduce risk or to determine (or get a feeling for) event rates of a safety accident or a particular system level (functional) failure. FTA is used in the aerospace, nuclear power, chemical and process, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and other high-hazard industries; but is also used in fields as diverse as risk factor identification relating to social service system failure.
In aerospace, the more general term "system Failure Condition" is used for the "undesired state" / Top event of the fault tree. These conditions are classified by the severity of their effects. The most severe conditions require the most extensive fault tree analysis. These "system Failure Conditions" and their classification are often previously determined in the functional Hazard analysis." [Fault tree analysis. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Fault tree analysis diagrams" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
PROBLEM ANALYSIS. Root Cause Analysis Tree Diagram
Root Cause Analysis Tree Diagram. Use the Root Cause Diagram to perform visual root cause analysis. Root Cause Analysis Tree Diagram is constructed separately for each highly prioritized factor. The goal of this is to find the root causes for the factor and list possible corrective action. ConceptDraw Office suite is a software for problem analysis.Fault Tree Analysis Software
ConceptDraw DIAGRAM extended with Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams Solution from the Industrial Engineering Area of ConceptDraw Solution Park is the best Fault Tree Analysis Software. First of all, Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams Solution provides a set of samples which are the good examples of easy drawing professional looking Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams.HelpDesk
How to Create a Fault Tree Analysis Diagram (FTD)
Fault Tree Diagram is a logic diagram that shows the state of an entire system in a relationship of the conditions of its elements. Fault Tree Diagram is used to analyze the probability of functional system failures and safety accidents. ConceptDraw DIAGRAM allows you to create professional Fault Tree Diagrams using the basic FTD symbols. An FTD visualizes a model of the processes within a system that can lead to the unlikely event. A fault tree diagrams are created using standard logic symbols. The basic elements in a fault tree diagram are gates and events.Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams
This solution extends ConceptDraw DIAGRAM.5 or later with templates, fault tree analysis example, samples and a library of vector design elements for drawing FTA diagrams (or negative analytical trees), cause and effect diagrams and fault tree diagrams.
The accident analysis diagram example "Accident analytic tree" was redesigned from the picture 7-14 from the "DOE Workbook. Conducting Accident Investigations. Revision 2."
"Analytic tree analyses are well defined, useful methods that graphically depict, from beginning to end, the events and conditions preceding and immediately following an accident. An analytic tree is a means of organizing information that helps the investigator conduct a deductive analysis of any system (human, equipment, or environmental) to determine critical paths of success and failure. Results from this analysis identify the details and interrelationships that must be considered to prevent the oversights, errors, and omissions that lead to failures. In accident investigations, this type of analysis can consist of both failure paths and success paths, and can lead to neutral, negative, or positive conclusions regarding accident severity.
TIP.
An analytic tree enables the user to:
(1) Systematically identify the possible paths from events to outcome.
(2) Display a graphical record of the analytical process.
(3) Identify management system weaknesses and strengths."
[homer.ornl.gov/ sesa/ corporatesafety/ aip/ docs/ workbook/ Rev2/ chpt7/ chapt7.htm]
The FTA diagram example "Accident analytic tree" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Analytic tree analyses are well defined, useful methods that graphically depict, from beginning to end, the events and conditions preceding and immediately following an accident. An analytic tree is a means of organizing information that helps the investigator conduct a deductive analysis of any system (human, equipment, or environmental) to determine critical paths of success and failure. Results from this analysis identify the details and interrelationships that must be considered to prevent the oversights, errors, and omissions that lead to failures. In accident investigations, this type of analysis can consist of both failure paths and success paths, and can lead to neutral, negative, or positive conclusions regarding accident severity.
TIP.
An analytic tree enables the user to:
(1) Systematically identify the possible paths from events to outcome.
(2) Display a graphical record of the analytical process.
(3) Identify management system weaknesses and strengths."
[homer.ornl.gov/ sesa/ corporatesafety/ aip/ docs/ workbook/ Rev2/ chpt7/ chapt7.htm]
The FTA diagram example "Accident analytic tree" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Decision Making
Decision Making - ConceptDraw Office suite provides visual tools that are given support on the stage of the decision making. The Seven Management and Planning Tools is a set for such diagrams: Affinity Diagram, Relations Diagram, Prioritization Matrix, Root Cause Tree Diagram, Involvement Matrix, PERT Chart, Risk Diagram (PDPC).The FTA diagram sample "Fault tree analysis - Insulin delivery system" was redesigned from the illustration of "CMSI 641: Introduction to Software Engineering. Design of Critical Systems. B.J. Johnson. 2005. Loyola Marymount University".
"Another way of assessing hazards is using fault tree analysis. In this process, each of the identified hazards is covered by a detailed analysis to find out what might cause it. Either inductive or deductive reasoning is applied. In the case of software hazards, the usual focus is to determine faults that will cause the system to fail to deliver a system service, such as a monitoring system. A "fault tree" is constructed to link all the possible situations together, to help identify the interrelationships of the failures, which modules may cause them, and what "trickle-down effects" there might be. Here is an example of a fault tree, as applied to the Insulin delivery system from Sommerville...
Note that this tree is only partially complete, since only the potential software faults are shown on the diagram. The potential failures involving hardware, such as low battery, blood monitor or sensor failure, patient over-exertion or inattention, or medical staff failure are noticeable by their absence.
The fault tree and safety specification processes are two ways of helping with system risk assessment tasks. Once the risks are identified, there are other assessments that need to take place. First, the likelihood of the risk occurrance must be assessed. This is often quantifiable, so numbers may be assigned based on things like MTBF, latency effects, and other known entities. There may be other non-quantifiable contributors to the risk likelihood, however, such that these must be assessed and estimated by experts in the domain. (Don't short-change this process when dealing with critical systems!) Finally, the risk assessment must include the severity of the risk, meaning an estimation of the cost to the project in the event the risk item actually does occur. "Cost to the project" means all associated costs, including schedule delays, human injury, damage to hardware, corruption of data, and so on."
[myweb.lmu.edu/ bjohnson/ cmsi641web/ week15-2.html]
The FTA diagram example "Fault tree analysis - Insulin delivery system" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Another way of assessing hazards is using fault tree analysis. In this process, each of the identified hazards is covered by a detailed analysis to find out what might cause it. Either inductive or deductive reasoning is applied. In the case of software hazards, the usual focus is to determine faults that will cause the system to fail to deliver a system service, such as a monitoring system. A "fault tree" is constructed to link all the possible situations together, to help identify the interrelationships of the failures, which modules may cause them, and what "trickle-down effects" there might be. Here is an example of a fault tree, as applied to the Insulin delivery system from Sommerville...
Note that this tree is only partially complete, since only the potential software faults are shown on the diagram. The potential failures involving hardware, such as low battery, blood monitor or sensor failure, patient over-exertion or inattention, or medical staff failure are noticeable by their absence.
The fault tree and safety specification processes are two ways of helping with system risk assessment tasks. Once the risks are identified, there are other assessments that need to take place. First, the likelihood of the risk occurrance must be assessed. This is often quantifiable, so numbers may be assigned based on things like MTBF, latency effects, and other known entities. There may be other non-quantifiable contributors to the risk likelihood, however, such that these must be assessed and estimated by experts in the domain. (Don't short-change this process when dealing with critical systems!) Finally, the risk assessment must include the severity of the risk, meaning an estimation of the cost to the project in the event the risk item actually does occur. "Cost to the project" means all associated costs, including schedule delays, human injury, damage to hardware, corruption of data, and so on."
[myweb.lmu.edu/ bjohnson/ cmsi641web/ week15-2.html]
The FTA diagram example "Fault tree analysis - Insulin delivery system" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC).
A useful way of planning is to break down tasks into a hierarchy, using a tree diagram. The PDPC extends the tree diagram a couple of levels to identify risks and countermeasures for the bottom level tasks. Different shaped boxes are used to highlight risks and identify possible countermeasures (often shown as 'clouds' to indicate their uncertain nature). The PDPC is similar to the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in that both identify risks, consequences of failure, and contingency actions; the FMEA also rates relative risk levels for each potential failure point." [Seven Management and Planning Tools. Wikipedia]
The Risk diagram (process decision program chart, PDPC) determines the risks when corrective action is not performed correctly. Also, it helps develop descriptions for preventive actions at the level of execution.
The Risk diagram (PDPC) template for the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software is included in the solution "Seven Management and Planning Tools" from the Management area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
A useful way of planning is to break down tasks into a hierarchy, using a tree diagram. The PDPC extends the tree diagram a couple of levels to identify risks and countermeasures for the bottom level tasks. Different shaped boxes are used to highlight risks and identify possible countermeasures (often shown as 'clouds' to indicate their uncertain nature). The PDPC is similar to the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in that both identify risks, consequences of failure, and contingency actions; the FMEA also rates relative risk levels for each potential failure point." [Seven Management and Planning Tools. Wikipedia]
The Risk diagram (process decision program chart, PDPC) determines the risks when corrective action is not performed correctly. Also, it helps develop descriptions for preventive actions at the level of execution.
The Risk diagram (PDPC) template for the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software is included in the solution "Seven Management and Planning Tools" from the Management area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Process Flow Graphics
Process flow diagrams are applied in industrial engineering, manufacturing, business, project management, chemical engineering, process engineering, and other areas. ConceptDraw DIAGRAM software extended with Chemical and Process Engineering solution provides powerful drawing tools and extensive features to create Process flow graphics, analyze, streamline, and improve business processes and construction designs. Use it to give an overview and document the overall processes, standardize and make their understanding simpler, improve quality control and training of employees, increase process efficiency, and make changes if required.The FTA diagram example "Hazard analysis" was redesigned from the illustration of the article "Hazard Analysis Methodologies" from the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) website.
"A fault tree analysis is a quantitative assessment of all of the undesirable outcomes, such as a toxic gas release or explosion, which could result from a specific initiating event. It begins with a graphic representation (using logic symbols) of all possible sequences of events that could result in an incident. The resulting diagram looks like a tree with many branches — each branch listing the sequential events (failures) for different independent paths to the top event. Probabilities (using failure rate data) are assigned to each event and then used to calculate the probability of occurrence of the undesired event. ...
This technique is particularly useful in evaluating the effect of alternative actions on reducing the probability of occurrence of the undesired event."
[osha.gov/ SLTC/ etools/ safetyhealth/ mod4_ tools_ methodologies.html]
The FTA diagram example "Hazard analysis" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"A fault tree analysis is a quantitative assessment of all of the undesirable outcomes, such as a toxic gas release or explosion, which could result from a specific initiating event. It begins with a graphic representation (using logic symbols) of all possible sequences of events that could result in an incident. The resulting diagram looks like a tree with many branches — each branch listing the sequential events (failures) for different independent paths to the top event. Probabilities (using failure rate data) are assigned to each event and then used to calculate the probability of occurrence of the undesired event. ...
This technique is particularly useful in evaluating the effect of alternative actions on reducing the probability of occurrence of the undesired event."
[osha.gov/ SLTC/ etools/ safetyhealth/ mod4_ tools_ methodologies.html]
The FTA diagram example "Hazard analysis" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
PDPC
ConceptDraw DIAGRAM extended with Seven Management and Planning Tools Solution from the Management Area of ConceptDraw Solution Park is the best software for drawing all types of diagrams from the Seven Management and Planning Tools: Affinity Diagram, Relations Diagram, Prioritization Matrix, Root Cause Analysis Tree Diagram, Involvement Matrix, PERT Chart, and Risk Diagram (PDPC).This vector stencils library contains 184 round icons.
Use it to design cloud computing infographics and diagrams with ConceptDraw PRO software.
"Though service-oriented architecture advocates "everything as a service" (with the acronyms EaaS or XaaS or simply aas), cloud-computing providers offer their "services" according to different models, which happen to form a stack: infrastructure-, platform- and software-as-a-service.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
In the most basic cloud-service model ... providers of IaaS offer computers — physical or (more often) virtual machines — and other resources. IaaS refers to online services that abstract the user from the details of infrastructure like physical computing resources, location, data partitioning, scaling, security, backup etc.
Platform as a service (PaaS)
PaaS vendors offer a development environment to application developers. The provider typically develops toolkit and standards for development and channels for distribution and payment. In the PaaS models, cloud providers deliver a computing platform, typically including operating system, programming-language execution environment, database, and web server. Application developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.
Software as a service (SaaS)
In the software as a service (SaaS) model, users gain access to application software and databases. Cloud providers manage the infrastructure and platforms that run the applications. SaaS is sometimes referred to as "on-demand software" and is usually priced on a pay-per-use basis or using a subscription fee.
In the SaaS model, cloud providers install and operate application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. Cloud users do not manage the cloud infrastructure and platform where the application runs. This eliminates the need to install and run the application on the cloud user's own computers, which simplifies maintenance and support. Cloud applications differ from other applications in their scalability — which can be achieved by cloning tasks onto multiple virtual machines at run-time to meet changing work demand." [Cloud computing. Wikipedia]
The vector stencils library "Cloud round icons" is included in the Cloud Computing Diagrams solution from the Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Use it to design cloud computing infographics and diagrams with ConceptDraw PRO software.
"Though service-oriented architecture advocates "everything as a service" (with the acronyms EaaS or XaaS or simply aas), cloud-computing providers offer their "services" according to different models, which happen to form a stack: infrastructure-, platform- and software-as-a-service.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
In the most basic cloud-service model ... providers of IaaS offer computers — physical or (more often) virtual machines — and other resources. IaaS refers to online services that abstract the user from the details of infrastructure like physical computing resources, location, data partitioning, scaling, security, backup etc.
Platform as a service (PaaS)
PaaS vendors offer a development environment to application developers. The provider typically develops toolkit and standards for development and channels for distribution and payment. In the PaaS models, cloud providers deliver a computing platform, typically including operating system, programming-language execution environment, database, and web server. Application developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.
Software as a service (SaaS)
In the software as a service (SaaS) model, users gain access to application software and databases. Cloud providers manage the infrastructure and platforms that run the applications. SaaS is sometimes referred to as "on-demand software" and is usually priced on a pay-per-use basis or using a subscription fee.
In the SaaS model, cloud providers install and operate application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. Cloud users do not manage the cloud infrastructure and platform where the application runs. This eliminates the need to install and run the application on the cloud user's own computers, which simplifies maintenance and support. Cloud applications differ from other applications in their scalability — which can be achieved by cloning tasks onto multiple virtual machines at run-time to meet changing work demand." [Cloud computing. Wikipedia]
The vector stencils library "Cloud round icons" is included in the Cloud Computing Diagrams solution from the Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
This example was redesigned from the Wikimedia Commons file: Example of High Level Fault Tree.jpg. [commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Example_ of_ High_ Level_ Fault_ Tree.jpg]
"Risk assessment is the determination of quantitative or qualitative value of risk related to a concrete situation and a recognized threat (also called hazard). Quantitative risk assessment requires calculations of two components of risk (R):, the magnitude of the potential loss (L), and the probability (p) that the loss will occur. Acceptable risk is a risk that is understood and tolerated usually because the cost or difficulty of implementing an effective countermeasure for the associated vulnerability exceeds the expectation of loss.
In all types of engineering of complex systems sophisticated risk assessments are often made within Safety engineering and Reliability engineering when it concerns threats to life, environment or machine functioning. The nuclear, aerospace, oil, rail and military industries have a long history of dealing with risk assessment. Also, medical, hospital, social service and food industries control risks and perform risk assessments on a continual basis. Methods for assessment of risk may differ between industries and whether it pertains to general financial decisions or environmental, ecological, or public health risk assessment." [Risk assessment. Wikipedia]
The FTA diagram example "High level fault tree" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Risk assessment is the determination of quantitative or qualitative value of risk related to a concrete situation and a recognized threat (also called hazard). Quantitative risk assessment requires calculations of two components of risk (R):, the magnitude of the potential loss (L), and the probability (p) that the loss will occur. Acceptable risk is a risk that is understood and tolerated usually because the cost or difficulty of implementing an effective countermeasure for the associated vulnerability exceeds the expectation of loss.
In all types of engineering of complex systems sophisticated risk assessments are often made within Safety engineering and Reliability engineering when it concerns threats to life, environment or machine functioning. The nuclear, aerospace, oil, rail and military industries have a long history of dealing with risk assessment. Also, medical, hospital, social service and food industries control risks and perform risk assessments on a continual basis. Methods for assessment of risk may differ between industries and whether it pertains to general financial decisions or environmental, ecological, or public health risk assessment." [Risk assessment. Wikipedia]
The FTA diagram example "High level fault tree" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Total Quality Management Density
The Total Quality Management Diagram solution helps you and your organization visualize business and industrial processes. Create Total Quality Management diagrams for business process with ConceptDraw software.PM Mind Maps and Tables
PM Mind Maps and Tables solution extends the functional abilities of ConceptDraw DIAGRAM and ConceptDraw MINDMAP software with a set of drawing tools, professionally developed samples and templates allowing to prepare the project documentation including wide set of charts, tables, matrices, and Mind Maps. Being intended for the project manager, senior managers, team leaders and other project team members, it facilitates the execution of main project manager duties, contributes effective project planning and project management process implementation, increasing productivity in project planning, documenting, project presentation, tracking the progress and reporting.
The vector stencils library "Fault tree analysis diagrams" contains 12 symbols for drawing FTA diagrams in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Fault Tree Analysis Diagrams solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ engineering-fault-tree-analysis-diagrams
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ engineering-fault-tree-analysis-diagrams
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