Process decision program chart - Minimization of material wastage

"Waste minimization is the process and the policy of reducing the amount of waste produced by a person or a society.
Waste minimization involves efforts to minimize resource and energy use during manufacture. For the same commercial output, usually the fewer materials are used, the less waste is produced. Waste minimization usually requires knowledge of the production process, cradle-to-grave analysis (the tracking of materials from their extraction to their return to earth) and detailed knowledge of the composition of the waste. ...
In the waste hierarchy, the most effective approaches to managing waste are at the top. In contrast to waste minimisation, waste management focuses on processing waste after it is created, concentrating on re-use, recycling, and waste-to-energy conversion." [Waste minimisation. Wikipedia]
The process decision program chart (PDPC) example "Minimization of material wastage" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the solution "Seven Management and Planning Tools" from the Management area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Office equipment" contains 33 shapes of office equipment, electronics and accessories. Use these shapes for drawing office floor plans and equipment layouts in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Office Layout Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Office equipment" contains 33 shapes of office equipment, electronics and accessories. Use these shapes for drawing office floor plans and equipment layouts in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Office Layout Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Office equipment" contains 33 shapes of office equipment, electronics and accessories. Use these shapes for drawing office floor plans and equipment layouts in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Office Layout Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Furniture" contains 38 shapes of living-room, dining-room and bedroom furniture. Use it for drawing furniture arrangements, home decor, residential floor plans, home design, space plans, and furniture layouts in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Floor Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

This cycle diagram sample was created on the base of the figure illustrating the article "Environmental Materials" by Cris Arnold from the website of the UK Centre for Materials Education of the Higher Education Academy. "The figure ... schematically shows how the disparate areas under the heading of 'environmental materials' can be linked via a life cycle analysis approach. ...
Life Cycle Analysis.
Life Cycle Analysis is essentially a method of considering the entire environmental impact, energy and resource usage of a material or product. It is often known as a 'cradle-to-grave' analysis and can encompass the entire lifetime from extraction to end-of-life disposal. Life cycle analysis can be an extremely effective way of linking many different aspects of the environmental impacts of materials usage. ...
Materials Extraction and Resource Implications.
The environmental impact of raw materials extraction and processing together with global resource issues provides a good place to start consideration of environmental aspects of materials. ...
Environmental Impacts of Processing.
... Topics that would come under this subject area include the specific environmental problems associated with processing of metals, polymers, ceramics, composites etc, and how these problems can be overcome.
Design for Sustainability.
This area ... will ... cover issues such as design for successful recycling, waste minimisation, energy efficiency and increased lifetime.
Economic, Social and Legislative Issues.
... For example, materials selection within the automotive industry is now heavily influenced by 'end-of-life vehicle' and 'hazardous material' regulations.
Use of Sustainable Materials.
... It is probably sensible to define such materials as those that have distinct differences that achieve environmental benefit compared to conventional materials. With this definition, the list would include:
(1) Materials of a significantly plant-based nature, including wood, natural fibre composites, natural polymers.
(2) Materials produced using a large proportion of waste material, including recycled polymers, composites made from waste mineral powders, and arguably also much steel and aluminium.
Materials for Green Energy.
The most exciting developments in Materials Science are in the realm of functional materials, and many of these serve an environmentally-beneficial purpose, particularly in the production of green energy.
These include:
(1) Solar-cell materials.
(2) Fuel-cell technology.
(3) Catalytic pollution control.
End-of-Life Issues.
The treatment of materials at the end of their lifetime is a significant subject area and encompasses aspects such as recycling techniques and materials limitations, biodegradabilty and composting, chemical recovery and energy recovery." [materials.ac.uk/ guides/ environmental.asp]
The ring chart example "Life cycle analysis" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Target and Circular Diagrams solution from the Marketing area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ marketing-target-and-circular-diagrams

The vector stencils library Furniture contains 38 symbols of furniture and interior design elements.
Use the design elements library Furniture to draw the furniture arrangements of living rooms, dining rooms and bedrooms, home decor, residential floor plans, home design, space plans, and furniture layouts.
"Furniture is the mass noun for the movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating and sleeping. Furniture is also used to hold objects at a convenient height for work (as horizontal surfaces above the ground), or to store things.
Furniture can be a product of design and is considered a form of decorative art. In addition to furniture's functional role, it can serve a symbolic or religious purpose. " [Furniture. Wikipedia]
The shapes library Furniture is provided by the Floor Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

This area chart sample was redesigned from the picture "Outstanding trends of wastewater treatment plants" from the Washington State Department of Ecology website.
[ecy.wa.gov/ programs/ wq/ wastewater/ op_ cert/ kudos.html]
"Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents), domestic, commercial and institutional. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer). Using advanced technology it is now possible to re-use sewage effluent for drinking water, although Singapore is the only country to implement such technology on a production scale in its production of NEWater." [Sewage treatment. Wikipedia]
The area graph example "Outstanding trends of wastewater treatment plants" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Area Charts solution from the Graphs and Charts area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library Office equipment contains 33 symbols of office equipment, electronics and accessories.
"Office supplies are all the supplies regularly used in offices by businesses and other organizations. It includes small, expendable, daily use items such as paper clips, post-it notes, and staples, small machines such as hole punches, binders, staplers and laminators, writing utensils and paper, but also encompasses higher-cost equipment like computers, printers, fax machines, photocopiers and cash registers, as well as office furniture such as chairs, cubicles, filing cabinet, and armoire desks." [Office supplies. Wikipedia]
Use the design elements library Office equipment to draw the office furniture and equipment layout plans using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
The shapes library Office equipment is included in the Office Layout Plans solution from Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils libraries "Pipes 1" and "Pipes 2" contain 28 and 48 pipe, tubing and fitting symbols, respectively.
"A fitting is used in pipe plumbing systems to connect straight pipe or tubing sections, to adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes, such as regulating or measuring fluid flow. The term plumbing is generally used to describe conveyance of water, gas, or liquid waste in ordinary domestic or commercial environments, whereas piping is often used to describe high-performance (e.g. high pressure, high flow, high temperature, hazardous materials) conveyance of fluids in specialized applications. The term tubing is sometimes used for lighter-weight piping, especially types that are flexible enough to be supplied in coiled form.
Fittings (especially uncommon types) require money, time, materials, and tools to install, so they are a non-trivial part of piping and plumbing systems." [Piping and plumbing fitting. Wikipedia]
Use the design elements libraries "Pipes 1" and "Pipes 2" for drawing plumbing and piping building plans, schematic diagrams, blueprints, or technical drawings of waste water disposal systems, hot and cold water supply systems using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
The shapes libraries "Pipes 1" and "Pipes 2" are contained in the Plumbing and Piping Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.

The vector stencils library "Plumbing" contains 32 symbols of plumbing components and bathroom fixtures.
"Plumbing is the system of pipes, drains fittings, valves, valve assemblies, and devices installed in a building for the distribution of water for drinking, heating and washing, and the removal of waterborne wastes, and the skilled trade of working with pipes, tubing and plumbing fixtures in such systems. A plumber is someone who installs or repairs piping systems, plumbing fixtures and equipment such as water heaters and backflow preventers. The plumbing industry is a basic and substantial part of every developed economy due to the need for clean water, and sanitary collection and transport of wastes.
Plumbing is usually distinguished from water supply and sewage systems, in that a plumbing system serves one building, while water and sewage systems serve a group of buildings." [Plumbing. Wikipedia]
Use the design elements library "Plumbing" for drawing plumbing and piping plans, schematic diagrams and blueprints of waste water disposal systems, and hot and cold water supply systems using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
The shapes library "Plumbing" is included in the Plumbing and Piping Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.